Jenkins 自由风格与流水线：两种项目配置的实战对比与选型

pipeline {
    agent any
    stages {
        stage('Build') {
            steps {
                sh 'mvn clean package'
            }
        }
        stage('Deploy') {
            steps {
                sh './deploy.sh'
            }
        }
    }
}

名称：DEPLOY_ENV
选项：dev
      test
      gray
      prod
描述：选择部署目标环境

#!/bin/bash
set -e

echo "=== 拉取代码完成 ==="
echo "当前分支: $GIT_BRANCH"
echo "工作目录: $WORKSPACE"

# 切换到项目目录
cd $WORKSPACE

# Maven 编译打包
echo "=== 开始构建 ==="
mvn clean package -DskipTests -B -q

# 检查构建产物
if [ ! -f target/order-api.jar ]; then
    echo "构建失败：未找到 target/order-api.jar"
    exit 1
fi

echo "构建产物大小: $(du -sh target/order-api.jar)"
echo "=== 构建完成 ==="

pipeline {
    agent any
    
    environment {
        APP_NAME = 'order-api'
        VERSION = '1.0.0'
    }
    
    parameters {
        choice(name: 'DEPLOY_ENV', choices: ['dev', 'test', 'prod'], description: '部署环境')
        string(name: 'BRANCH', defaultValue: 'main', description: '构建分支')
        booleanParam(name: 'SKIP_TESTS', defaultValue: false, description: '是否跳过测试')
    }
    
    stages {
        stage('Checkout') {
            steps {
                checkout scm
            }
        }
        
        stage('Build') {
            steps {
                sh 'mvn clean package -DskipTests'
            }
        }
        
        stage('Test') {
            when {
                expression { !params.SKIP_TESTS }
            }
            steps {
                sh 'mvn test'
            }
        }
        
        stage('Deploy') {
            steps {
                sh "./deploy.sh ${params.DEPLOY_ENV}"
            }
        }
    }
    
    post {
        always {
            junit 'target/surefire-reports/*.xml'
            archiveArtifacts artifacts: 'target/*.jar', fingerprint: true
            cleanWs()
        }
        success {
            echo '构建成功'
        }
        failure {
            emailext subject: '构建失败: ${env.JOB_NAME}',
                     body: '详情查看: ${env.BUILD_URL}',
                     to: 'ops-team@example.com'
        }
    }
}

// 任意可用节点
agent any

// 不分配全局节点，每个 stage 单独指定
agent none

// 指定标签的节点
agent { label 'linux && docker' }

// 在 Docker 容器中执行
agent {
    docker {
        image 'maven:3.9-eclipse-temurin-17'
        args '-v /root/.m2:/root/.m2 -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock'
    }
}

environment {
    DEPLOY_ENV = 'prod'
    BUILD_TAG = "order-api-${env.BUILD_NUMBER}"
    DB_PASSWORD = credentials('mysql-prod-password')
    SSH_CREDS = credentials('deploy-ssh-key')
    // SSH_CREDS_USR → 用户名
    // SSH_CREDS_PSW → 私钥内容
}

stages {
    stage('Prepare') {
        steps {
            echo '准备构建环境...'
            sh 'java -version'
            sh 'mvn -version'
        }
    }
    
    stage('Build') {
        steps {
            sh 'mvn clean package -DskipTests'
        }
    }
    
    // 并行执行
    stage('Parallel Tests') {
        parallel {
            stage('Unit Test') {
                steps {
                    sh 'mvn test'
                }
            }
            stage('Integration Test') {
                steps {
                    sh 'mvn verify -Pintegration'
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

stage('Deploy to Prod') {
    when {
        branch 'main'
        expression { params.DEPLOY_ENV == 'prod' }
    }
    steps {
        sh './deploy-prod.sh'
    }
}

post {
    always {
        junit 'target/surefire-reports/*.xml'
        archiveArtifacts artifacts: 'target/*.jar', fingerprint: true
    }
    success {
        echo '构建成功'
        sh './scripts/notify-dingtalk.sh SUCCESS'
    }
    failure {
        echo '构建失败'
        sh './scripts/notify-dingtalk.sh FAILURE'
        emailext subject: '构建失败: ${env.JOB_NAME}',
                 body: '详情查看: ${env.BUILD_URL}',
                 to: 'ops-team@example.com'
    }
    cleanup {
        cleanWs()
    }
}

pipeline {
    agent {
        docker {
            image 'maven:3.9-eclipse-temurin-17'
            args '-v /root/.m2:/root/.m2'
        }
    }
    
    environment {
        APP_NAME = 'order-api'
        JAR_NAME = 'order-api.jar'
    }
    
    parameters {
        choice(name: 'DEPLOY_ENV', choices: ['dev', 'test', 'gray', 'prod'], 
               description: '部署环境')
        string(name: 'BRANCH', defaultValue: 'main', description: '构建分支')
        booleanParam(name: 'SKIP_TESTS', defaultValue: false, description: '跳过测试')
    }
    
    stages {
        stage('Checkout') {
            steps {
                checkout scm
                echo "分支: ${params.BRANCH} 环境: ${params.DEPLOY_ENV}"
            }
        }
        
        stage('Build') {
            steps {
                sh 'mvn clean package -DskipTests -B -q'
            }
        }
        
        stage('Test') {
            when {
                expression { !params.SKIP_TESTS }
            }
            steps {
                sh 'mvn test'
            }
            post {
                always {
                    junit 'target/surefire-reports/*.xml'
                }
            }
        }
        
        stage('Deploy') {
            steps {
                script {
                    def servers = [
                        dev:  '192.168.1.10',
                        test: '192.168.1.20',
                        gray: '172.18.247.1',
                        prod: '172.18.251.114'
                    ]
                    def target = servers[params.DEPLOY_ENV]
                    
                    sshagent(['deploy-ssh-key']) {
                        sh """
                            scp target/${env.JAR_NAME} deploy@${target}:/opt/app/
                            ssh deploy@${target} 'systemctl restart ${env.APP_NAME}'
                        """
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        
        stage('Health Check') {
            steps {
                script {
                    def servers = [
                        dev:  '192.168.1.10',
                        test: '192.168.1.20',
                        gray: '172.18.247.1',
                        prod: '172.18.251.114'
                    ]
                    def target = servers[params.DEPLOY_ENV]
                    
                    retry(6) {
                        sleep time: 10, unit: 'SECONDS'
                        def status = sh(script: "curl -s -o /dev/null -w '%{http_code}' http://${target}:8080/actuator/health", returnStdout: true).trim()
                        if (status != '200') {
                            error "服务启动失败，健康检查未通过！HTTP状态: ${status}"
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    post {
        success {
            echo "部署成功！环境: ${params.DEPLOY_ENV} 分支: ${params.BRANCH}"
        }
        failure {
            echo "部署失败！环境: ${params.DEPLOY_ENV} 分支: ${params.BRANCH}"
            emailext subject: '部署失败: ${env.APP_NAME}',
                     body: '详情查看: ${env.BUILD_URL}',
                     to: 'ops-team@example.com'
        }
        always {
            archiveArtifacts artifacts: 'target/*.jar', fingerprint: true
            cleanWs()
        }
    }
}

你的项目有复杂的构建流程吗（多阶段、并行、条件判断）？
├── 是 → Pipeline，没商量
└── 否 → 你的团队有人会写 Groovy 吗？
    ├── 会 → Pipeline，趁早迁移
    └── 不会 → 项目会长期维护吗？
        ├── 是 → 学一下 Pipeline，值得投入
        └── 否 → Freestyle，快速跑起来就行

# 给 jenkins 用户加 sudo 权限（白名单方式）
sudo visudo -f /etc/sudoers.d/jenkins
# 内容：允许 jenkins 免密执行 systemctl
jenkins ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/systemctl restart order-api, /usr/bin/systemctl stop order-api

# 查看 Jenkins 工作目录大小
du -sh /var/lib/jenkins/

# 找占空间最多的 Job
du -sh /var/lib/jenkins/jobs/*/workspace | sort -rh | head -10

# 找旧构建记录
find /var/lib/jenkins/jobs -name "builds" -type d -exec du -sh {} \; | sort -rh | head -10

options {
    disableConcurrentBuilds()
}